Department of Anthropology

  • Dr. Joe Hefner receives five-year NIH funding to develop graphical library for craniofacial anomalies

    The Department of Anthropology is pleased to announce that the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded Department of Anthropology Assistant Professor Joseph T. Hefner (Co-PI) and colleagues at the University of Kentucky (PI: Dr. Melissa Clarkson) a five year $1,447,281 grant to develop a standardized graphic library to assist clinicians and biomedical researchers in communicating anatomical concepts and patient-specific anatomy.

    The project—Developing standardized graphic libraries for anatomy: A focus on human craniofacial anatomy and phenotypes—began Summer of 2021. The purpose of the graphic library is to support rapid and anatomically-accurate communication in clinical practice, medical education, and clinical research. The graphics will depict craniofacial anatomy, variation in phenotypes, and anomalies of clinical importance (such as orofacial clefting) and serve as standardized visual representations for information systems and software applications. The research team will develop graphical representations of both adult and developmental anatomy. Their work will include developing prototypes for two web-based tools—one incorporating graphics into the Human Phenotype Ontology and the other documenting craniofacial phenotypes and malformations in clinical settings.

    As a biological anthropologist, Dr. Hefner brings both his knowledge of global human craniofacial variation and his understanding of biometric methods to this work. Dr. Hefner notes that his contribution to the project “will provide a more nuanced understanding of craniofacial anomalies to the clinician, based in part on a better understanding of human variation.”

    Project PI, Dr. Clarkson, explained, “I am very happy to have Dr. Hefner on this project. Our goal is to clarify the definitions and classifications used to describe craniofacial phenotypes and malformations. Many definitions are based on population-level data. For example, ‘wide mouth’ is defined as the distance between the corners of the mouth greater than two standard deviations above the mean. But what does that look like in a living individual? Drawing that phenotype will depend on population-level data, and that data should reflect different ages and populations. Dr. Hefner will help us to understand population-level differences in phenotypes and how to incorporate craniometric and macromorphoscopic datasets into our work.”

    Please join us in congratulating Dr. Hefner on this exciting, collaborative, and important new project!

    “The National Institutes of Health is the largest public funder of biomedical research in the world, investing nearly $43 billion in fiscal year 2021 to enhance life, and reduce illness and disability. NIH-funded research has led to breakthroughs and new treatments helping people live longer, healthier lives, and building the research foundation that drives discovery.” For more information, visit www.nih.gov.

  • Dr. Kurt Rademaker publishes in Science on the evolution of the hepatitis B virus

    Department of Anthropology Assistant Professor Kurt Rademaker recently coauthored a publication in the prestigious journal Science. The article is entitled “Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution.” In this new study, researchers uncover the evolution of the hepatitis B virus since the Early Holocene by analyzing the largest dataset of ancient viral genomes produced to date.

    The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem worldwide, causing close to one million deaths each year. Recent ancient DNA studies have shown that HBV has been infecting humans for millennia, but its past diversity and dispersal routes remain largely unknown. A new study conducted by a large team of researchers from all around the world provides major insights into the evolutionary history of HBV by examining the virus’ genomes from 137 ancient Eurasians and Native Americans dated to between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. Their results highlight dissemination routes and shifts in viral diversity that mirror well-known human migrations and demographic events, as well as unexpected patterns and connections to the present.

    The oldest known HBV genome in the Americas was identified in an Andean burial dated to 9,000 years ago from Cuncaicha rockshelter in southern Peru. Dr. Rademaker discovered the Cuncaicha site in 2007 and has led investigations of the site since 2010. At 4480 m (14,700 feet) above sea level, Cuncaicha is the highest-elevation ice-age site in the Americas and one of the highest Pleistocene sites in the world.

    Cuncaicha contains a well-dated sequence of occupation deposits spanning from 12,300 years ago to present day. This material evidence indicates that men, women, and children lived here episodically for millennia. Beginning in the Early Holocene, about 9000 years ago, some plateau residents were buried in the rockshelter. Collaborative research between Rademaker’s MSU-based Paleo Andes working group and colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History and University of Tübingen in Germany has revealed insights about early Andean diet, mobility, and adaptations to life at high elevation.

    As the oldest HBV case in the Americas, Cuncaicha’s 9,000 year-old genome helped the team determine that the most recent common ancestor of all HBV strains worldwide existed around the end of the Pleistocene. This common ancestor gave rise to one or several lineages that spread across Eurasia and eventually reached Africa and Oceania, and to another lineage that spread into the Americas with early settlers of the western hemisphere.

    Read the full article at: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi5658

    Abstract: “Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.”

  • Dr. Stacey Camp featured in film on WWII Japanese-American internment experiences

    Dr. Stacey Camp featured in film on WWII Japanese-American internment experiences

    By Katie Nicpon

    A Buddhist temple, a church, a hotel, grocery stores, homes, a barbershop – Nihonmachi or “Japantown” in Santa Barbara, California, was thriving in the 1920s and 1930s. But that was before February 1942, when President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 that allowed the United States government to incarcerate over 120,000 Japanese-Americans. 

    The new feature film, Sonzai: Japantown in Santa Barbara, tells the story of this community through oral histories, research and archaeological artifacts to examine life before and after the Japanese-American residents were forcibly removed from their community and their presence was erased. Stacey Camp, PhD, who is an archaeologist and associate professor in the MSU Department of Anthropology and the Campus Archaeology Program Director, participated on the research team highlighted in the film. 

    “My research is on Japanese-Americans incarcerated during WWII and how material practices changed after being incarcerated,” Camp said. “When I was hired at MSU in 2017, I used my start-up funds to look at a collection of materials from a Japanese-American community that was excavated during a dig for Spanish-colonial remains in downtown Santa Barbara.” 

    The collection was enormous and had a lot of potential with reports written by famous archaeologists of the 1960s and 1970s. But it was in need of being rehoused and rehabilitated, slowly degrading away in storage. Camp knew that it deserved a collaborative, deep-dive, so she reached out to Koji Lau-Ozawa, a historical archaeologist and Stanford doctoral candidate, about leading the research project to examine this material. 

    “He had family who were incarcerated in Japanese-American internment camps, and this was a part of his doctoral dissertation to understand what life was like prior to people being incarcerated,” Camp said. “Also, Koji knows the descendant community well, he speaks Japanese and he was able to talk to a number of descendant community members and collect their stories.” 

    While Lau-Ozawa studied the larger collection of data, Camp contributed to the project by studying two boxes of material pieces that did not have “provenance,” which means the pieces that did not have a precisely documented or clear location where it was archaeologically uncovered. 

    The film, directed by Barre Fong, covers this story about how this collection is coming to life. 

    “One of the stories that stuck with me is that a Nihonmachi descendant, her family came back to Santa Barbara and wanted to rent an apartment because they lost their business and their property, but no one would rent to them,” said Camp. “In the three years of the war, Japanese-Americans were intentionally erased from the landscape and they lost everything on the West Coast.” 

    The film was created for the second annual Tadaima! A Community Virtual Pilgrimage, a virtual event created to safely experience the Japanese American Memorial Pilgrimages that have been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This year, Tadaima’s focus was identity, indigeneity, and intersectionality related to the WWII incarceration of Japanese Americans, and the virtual event invited the Japanese-American community and allies to participate. The film was shown live followed by a discussion with Fong and Lau-Ozawa that was moderated by Camp. 

    “I am proud of the film, and really grateful to have had the chance to moderate an interview with Barre and Koji during Tadaima,” Camp said. “To bring people in communities together around archaeological collections is why I am an anthropologist. This is the most fulfilling part of my career.” 

    The treatment of Japanese-Americans has far-reaching implications for today. 

    “This is an important American story that everyone needs to understand about how immigrants have been treated,” Camp said. “We need to understand intergenerational trauma and the impact it has had on these communities, and bring that understanding to the decisions we’re making about immigrants today.” 

    To watch the film and Camp’s moderated conversation with Lau-Ozawa and Fong, visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOofWgTz8SA.

  • MSU Department of Anthropology hosts the 2021 Midwest Archaeology Conference

    The Michigan State University Department of Anthropology is hosting the joint annual meeting of the Midwest Archaeological Conference and the Midwest Historical Archaeology Conference October 7–9, 2021, on MSU’s campus. Jodie O’Gorman, MSU associate professor and archaeologist, is leading the team responsible for organizing the conference. 

    “Our membership gets together to share the research we’ve been doing. It’s an important opportunity for us to see colleagues, meet new and prospective students, and debate and discuss issues that are important to all of us,” O’Gorman said. 

    The Midwest Archaeological Conference is the regional association for archaeologists and students working in the Mid-continent. It has been held annually for the last 64 years, except last year due to the novel coronavirus pandemic. The Department of Anthropology is looking forward to bringing over 150 people and 21 student volunteers together again with special precautions to allow for social distancing.

    “MSU has always been one of the most influential institutions in Midwest and Great Lakes archaeology,” O’Gorman said. “Many of our archaeology alumni still live and work in the Midwest and are members of MAC. They hold some of the most influential archaeology positions in national, state, and private organizations. We celebrate the opportunity to reconnect with them. We also see it as an opportunity to let others see how strong our program is.” 

    The meeting this year is a joint meeting with the Midwest Historical Archaeology Conference because O’Gorman and her colleagues decided to co-host this meeting to stress the importance of both kinds of archaeology at MSU. The co-organizers are Drs. Jessica Yann and Stacey Camp, Director of MSU’s Campus Archaeology Program. 

    “I hope people enjoy reconnecting with colleagues. Some of the papers reflect on archaeology in the time of COVID, and I think it’s important for us to share that and to support each other,” O’Gorman said. “I think people will also enjoy just getting back to a bit of normalcy in terms of hearing research papers.”

    Attendees will attend sessions, workshops and a Campus Archaeology tour of MSU.

    “One unique event is the MAC-sponsored symposium I co-organized with several former and current students,” O’Gorman said. “We’ve assembled 13 papers on ‘Midcontinental Cuisine: Recent Archaeological Explorations of Food and Cooking in the Heartland,’ about cuisine from ancient times to MSU’s early history. We’re also featuring MSU historical cuisine at the following reception in collaboration with MSU chefs.”

    Other events during the conference are a workshop on building an inclusive culture in the field, and two workshops (one for students and one for practicing archaeologists) on 3D Digitization, Preservation, and Access in Archaeology and Heritage. The 3D workshops will be presented by Dr. Ethan Watrall in the college’s Lab for the Education and Advancement in Digital Research (LEADR), an interdisciplinary venture of Anthropology, History, and Matrix.

    “The past cultures we study lived from the edge of the Plains into the forests of the Northeast, around the Great Lakes as well as smaller inland lakes, and along major and minor river valleys,” O’Gorman said. “Indigenous groups have been here since at least 15,000 years ago and their cultural heritage is especially rich and varied.”

    Hosting the conference has special meaning to O’Gorman.

    “I first became interested in MSU when I attended a MAC meeting here 22 years ago,” O’Gorman said. “That meeting led to my application for the position I hold now. As I think about retirement, I hope the younger generation of Midwest archaeologists attending this year will see what an exciting program we have.” 

    To learn more about the Midwest Archaeology Conference, visit https://www.midwestarchaeology.org/about.

  • Dr. Lucero Radonic, Dr. Rowenn Kalman, PhD student Cara Jacob, and E. Yvonne Lewis publish in Qualitative Research on short-term community-based participatory research

    Department of Anthropology Assistant Professors Lucero Radonic and Rowenn Kalman, PhD student Cara Jacob, and Co-Director of the Healthy Flint Research Coordinating Center Community Core (HFRCC) E. Yvonne Lewis recently published an article in Qualitative Research. The article is titled “It’s a sprint, not a marathon: a case for building short-term partnerships for community-based participatory research.” The article discusses the ways in which scholars can engage in community-based participatory research within the time constraints of an academic schedule.

    Read the full article at: https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941211029477

    Abstract: “Academic calendars and university timelines set an urgent pace for researchers, which can hinder the establishment of long-term community partnerships. Given community-based participatory research’s (CBPR) emphasis on community-led research, time constraints can inhibit academic researchers’ commitments to collaborative methodologies and participatory research. This article considers how CBPR can be adapted for shorter-term engagements while still producing mutually beneficial research. In doing so, we contribute to the existing corpus on rapid assessment methodologies, characterized for adopting methods traditionally practiced over a longer duration to shorter time frames. We review the successes and limitations of a CBPR project executed within the timespan of six months in Flint, Michigan. In the case discussed, photo-voice enabled the inclusion of diverse ways of knowing, horizontal partnerships, reciprocal learning, and an accessible dissemination format within a CBPR framework. In conclusion we assert that there is value in short-term CBPR, especially for emergent issues where there is a need for rapid, responsive methodologies. However, short-term CBPR is a sprint, rather than a marathon; although shorter in duration, it is more intensive. It requires significant methodological commitments, flexibility, and an intensified workload for those involved.”

  • Dr. Linda Hunt, Dr. Heather Howard, Dr. Elisabeth Arndt, and Hannah S. Bell publish in Bioethical Inquiry on the pharmaceutical industry’s involvement in diabetes treatment

    Department of Anthropology Professor Dr. Linda Hunt, Associate Professor Dr. Heather Howard, alum Dr. Elisabeth Arndt, and alum Hannah S. Bell recently published an article in Bioethical Inquiry. The article is titled “Are Corporations Re-Defining Illness and Health? The Diabetes Epidemic, Goal Numbers, and Blockbuster Drugs.” The article discusses the influence of the pharmaceutical industry in screening, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes and raises concerns about the pervasive conflicts of interest in medical research.

    Read the full article at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-021-10119-x

    Abstract: “While pharmaceutical industry involvement in producing, interpreting, and regulating medical knowledge and practice is widely accepted and believed to promote medical innovation, industry-favouring biases may result in prioritizing corporate profit above public health. Using diabetes as our example, we review successive changes over forty years in screening, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, which have dramatically expanded the population prescribed diabetes drugs, generating a billion-dollar market. We argue that these guideline recommendations have emerged under pervasive industry influence and persisted, despite weak evidence for their health benefits and indications of serious adverse effects associated with many of the drugs they recommend. We consider pharmaceutical industry conflicts of interest in some of the research and publications supporting these revisions, and in related standard-setting committees and oversight panels. We raise concern over the long-term impact of these multifaceted involvements. Rather than accept industry conflicts of interest as normal, needing only to be monitored and managed, we suggest challenging that normalcy, and ask: what are the real costs of tolerating such industry participation? We urge the development of a broader focus to fully understand and curtail the systemic nature of industry’s influence over medical knowledge and practice.”

  • PhD Student Clara Devota awarded National Institute of Justice American Indian & Alaska Native Student Travel Scholarship

    To enhance diversity in the field of criminal justice, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) American Indian and Alaska Native Student Travel Scholarship supports 15 American Indian and Alaska Native students to attend criminal justice-related conferences. The award supports travel, room and board, and conference fees for the selected student.

    Department of Anthropology PhD Student, Clara Devota, has been selected to receive two travel scholarships to attend the American Society of Criminology (ASC) Annual Meeting, Nov. 17-20, 2021 in Chicago, and the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) 774th Annual Scientific Meeting, Feb. 21-26, 2022, in Seattle.

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  • Dr. Stacey Camp co-authors a publication in the Journal of Contemporary Archaeology on the archaeology of COVID-19

    Department of Anthropology Associate Professor Dr. Stacey Camp recently co-authored a publication in the Journal of Contemporary Archaeology. The article is titled “Private Struggles in Public Spaces: Documenting COVID-19 Material Culture and Landscapes.” The article discusses the material response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as altered landscapes in the authors’ communities.

    Find this publication at: https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.43379

    Abstract: “The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted nearly every facet of our world, including some of the most fundamental forms of human behavior and our conception of the social. Everyday activities now pose a risk to individuals and to society as a whole. This radical shift in how we live has produced a wide array of material responses across the globe. This photo essay seeks to open up dialogue and ask questions about the numerous forms of COVID-19 materiality and altered landscapes that the authors have chronicled, witnessed, documented and cataloged in their communities, using archaeological and ethnographic methods. This materiality includes chalk art, graffiti, painted rocks and signage placed in both public and private spaces within the project authors’ communities. In framing our questions, we draw upon theoretical frameworks in the fields of cultural trauma studies, cultural anthropology and contemporary archaeology.”

  • Ayla Schwartz, Biological Anthropology

    Ayla Schwartz

    Ayla Schwartz has contributed greatly to research activities in the MSU Bioarchaeology Laboratory directed by Dr. Gabriel Wrobel. With majors in Anthropology and Neuroscience and a minor in Environment and Health, Schwartz’s interests within bioarchaeology include skeletal indicators of stress, and digital imaging and 3D modeling of artifacts and human skeletal remains.

    During her undergraduate career, Schwartz was engaged in several projects in the MSU Bioarchaeology Laboratory under the mentorship of Dr. Wrobel. Her primary research endeavors have focused on investigating lines of increased bone density, referred to as Harris lines, seen in the ends of long bones with computed tomography (CT). Visible only in CTs and X-rays, Harris lines are traditionally considered to be signs of growth interruption and interpreted as signs of stress from juvenile malnutrition, disease, or trauma. In collaboration with the MSU Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Schwartz learned how to work with CTs and explored the three-dimensional topography of Harris lines within long bones. By better understanding the morphology and manifestation of Harris lines, Schwartz seeks to contribute to how they are analyzed and interpreted when observed in skeletal remains. Schwartz received a College of Social Science Provost Undergraduate Research Initiative (PURI) Grant for this project, presented her research at several research symposia on campus, and is currently publishing her findings.

    After graduating with high honors this past spring, Schwartz will focus on several pursuits this year as she continues working with Dr. Wrobel in the MSU Bioarchaeology Laboratory. In addition to furthering her research, she will obtain her Geographic Information Systems (GIS) certification and prepare for graduate school with the aim of earning a graduate degree in bioarchaeology.

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  • Lulu Nestor, Sociocultural Anthropology

    Lulu Nestor in graduation regalia

    Lulu Nestor discovered her passion for peace and justice work at MSU through her focus on sociocultural anthropology and peace and justice studies. During her first year, Nestor learned about the work of the Lansing violence de-escalation and unarmed civilian accompaniment nonprofit, Meta Peace Team (MPT), in Dr. Elizabeth Drexler’s Peace and Justice Studies class. This organization trains people in violence de-escalation and sends out teams of trained civilians to keep peace at potentially violent situations, such as protests. Nestor interned with MPT, serving as a board member and part of several committees including MPT’s international committee, which places unarmed civilian accompaniment internationally. During the pandemic, she was also involved in developing the MPT de-escalation training for MSU students and staff tasked with upholding Covid prevention protocols.

    Nestor’s interests in social justice issues have guided her research activities. Working with Dr. Stephen Gasteyer of the Sociology Department, Nestor was engaged in a research project that examined the ways in which communities are currently using alternatives to policing. In this research, she worked with community leaders and carried out interviews, participant observation, and an extensive literature review. Nestor has conducted several additional research projects over her undergraduate career at MSU, including an ethnography of a sanctuary church.

    Nestor received the College of Social Science’s Outstanding Senior Award for Anthropology, which is an honor presented to graduating seniors who have demonstrated exemplary academic and extracurricular successes, and a strong sense of leadership, commitment, and dedication to MSU. After graduating this past spring with her major in Anthropology and minors in Peace and Justice Studies and Leadership of Organizations, she accepted a fulltime position managing fundraising at Meta Peace Team. She is excited to continue furthering this organization’s efforts in teaching methods of nonviolence for a more peaceful world.

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